Key Features:

• Loss of ductility: Metals that have become embrittled have lost a lot of ductility and, under stress, can no longer deform much from the position of bending, causing a sudden fracture.
• Attack Mechanisms: This may include hydrogen,  low temperature, or a series of corrosive chemicals like sulfur or chlorine.
• Material Sensitivity: Specific metals and alloys, for example, high-strength steels or titanium alloys, are more prone to embrittlement under certain specified conditions.

The embrittlement has ramifications in terms of the reliability and safety of its metal components in virtually every field, including construction, aerospace, nuclear, and automotive. As an example, structural steel may easily become embrittled and therefore become overloaded and fail if it is not treated properly in cold weather conditions. The same will go for hydrogen embrittlement on pipelines, fasteners, or components critical to the aerospace industry. Understanding the phenomenon and controlling it by selecting protective coatings and avoiding hostile environments will enhance component longevity and performance in critical applications.